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Acetic acid is widely present in food, beverages, and other materials, making it an important indicator for detection. Acetic acid is converted into acetyl-CoA and ADP from acetic acid and ATP under the action of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase, followed by the catalytic oxidation of NADH to NAD+ by pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The decrease in NADH at 340nm is measured to calculate the amount of acetic acid.