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Nitrite reductase (NiR, EC1.7.2.1) is a class of oxidoreductases that can catalyze the reduction of nitrite, widely present in microorganisms and plants. It is a key enzyme in the natural nitrogen cycle, capable of degrading nitrite into NO or NH3, thereby reducing the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the environment and decreasing the toxicity to organisms caused by nitrite accumulation. Nitrite reductase can reduce NO2- to NO, leading to a decrease in NO2- that participates in the quantitative formation of (pink) red azo compounds with α-naphthol and α-naphthylamine, reflecting the activity of nitrite reductase based on the change in absorbance at 540nm.
