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Thiol groups in organisms mainly include glutathione thiol and protein thiol. The former can not only repair oxidized proteins but also participate in reactive oxygen species scavenging, while the latter is important for maintaining protein conformation. By measuring the total thiol content and GSH content, the protein thiol content can be indirectly determined. Thiol groups react with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) to form a yellow compound with a maximum absorption peak at 412nm.